Carburetor mechanism



" T. A. RIALL 2,040,185

CARBURETOR MECHAN I SM Filed Dec. 12, .1952

FiEy-l FIE-Ea INVENTOR.

a"? @L/ MVUA 29 BY %M,

M ATTORNEYJ v Patented May 12, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 11 Claims.

My invention has reference to a carburetor mechanism such, for example, as are used for mixing fuel and air to provide an explosive mixture for an internal combustion engine, and has for its purpose to provide an apparatus in which the movement of a quantity of hydro-carbon fuel will be greatly accelerated and a maximum effi: ciency of the successive charges secured. There is shown a joint or twinned apparatus in which the air introduced into the carburetor for mixture with the mixture gases passes through a similar apparatus. Both the air and mixture gases are carried into a central chamber by a whirling movement, constantly increasing, with a thorough mixing and assimilation of elements in the central chamber, with a resultant maximum of motor performance, smoothness of operation, and increased mileage for a given quantity of gasoline.

In order that those skilled in this art may fully understand the invention both from structural and functional standpoints, two desirable embodiments thereof have been illustrated in detail in the accompanying drawing, and, for simplicity, like reference numerals have been employed throughout the views to designate the same parts.

Fig, 1 is a plan view of the invention in one of its forms,

Fig.2 is a central vertical longitudinal section thereof.

Fig. 3 is a similar view of a modified form of the invention.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the invention comprises a casing formed of two parts I and 2, each of conical form, but oppositely disposed, and connected by a central cylindrical band 3. At the outer, or smaller, end of the part 2 is an extension 4, containing a chamber communicating with the body of the casing, and connected by a pipe 5 with a float-chamber 6, by which means a quantity of liquid fuel products may be introduced into the casing 2. This may be under the control of a needle-valve or other devices not shown in the drawing. The casing l is also provided at its smaller end with an extension 1, into which a supply of air can be introduced from the outside by means of a pipe I fitted with an appropriate control valve.

Supported rotatably in suitable bearings in the ends of the extensions 4 and l is a shaft 8, upon which is fixed within the casing 2 a truncated cone-shaped rotor 9, on the circumference of which is a pair of spiral or helical channels or conduits [0, opening at the smaller end into the opposed to that of the channels I 0. The chan- 10 nels l4 also communicate inwardly with the chamber II, and outwardly with the extension 1. On one end of the shaft 8 is fixed a pulley I 5, which may be connected to be driven from the fan-belt shaft of a motor, the gaseous fuel-mixture for which is supplied through the improved carburetor, or the pulley and its shaft may be revolved by any other appropriate means.

The rotor fits snugly in the casing 2, as illustrated, and, when the apparatus is in operation,

gasoline or other fuel entering the extension 4 is drawn into the channels l0, and impelled toward the chamber II in form of a vortex. This movement is caused by a suction in the channels ID, the velocity of which is constantly augmented as the diameter of the cone rotor and its channels increases. This is added to or intensified by the centrifugal action on the fuel about the surface of the cone, causing a thorough disintegration of the hydro-carbon particles. At the same time the air entering the other end of the casing is subjected to a similar operation by the companion helically grooved rotor element l3, the two currents meeting each other in the central chamber H, where they are thoroughly assimilated and vaporized. From said chamber H the mixture is conducted to the intake manifold of a motor through a suitable discharge pipe Hi.

In the operation of the machine the suction is so strong and constant that there is a tendency to cause an excessive vacuum in the chamber 4, to avoid which a small bleed-valve I1 is fixed in the wall thereof, permitting a sufficient replacement or admission of air in said chamber,

and also aiding in the initial vaporizing of the mixture.

In Fig. 3 is shown an arrangement of the carburetor in which the casing has a single cone section 20, with a gasoline intake chamber at 2|.

At the opposite end of the casing is a chamber extension 22, opening into an intermediate chamber 23, with a discharge opening 24, and the extension 22 has an intake pipe at 25. In the casing 20 is a truncated cone-shaped rotor 21, fixed on a shaft 28 rotatably mounted in the bearings in the ends of the carburetor, and on the tapered surface of said rotor is arranged a pair of spiral screws 29, step fashion as illustrated. The spaces at the edges of these screws form continual parallel channels 29 of saw-tooth style, which channels extend from the intake at 2| to the chamber 23. The operation is similar to that of the coneshaped member 9 above described, a supply of hydro-carbon or other liquid or fluid being conducted from the intake chamber 2| along the channels 29 and into the chamber 23, where it is mixed with the air coming through the air intake 22.

It will be noted that the cross-section dimension of the channels H] is uniform-throughout, and, as a result, as the diameter of the spirals increases, the charge of fuel gas is compelled to occupy a rapidly increasing space or volume, which, together with the centrifugal force applied to such charge due to the revolution of the rotor, causes an. expansion of the-gases, andthorough-vaporizing thereof. .At the same time the channel space'issorestricted that there. is no danger of an over-expansion, whereby their force might become dissipated.

The fuel feed operation intoand through the chamber-4 is such that each, succeeding charge is metered, andTsufficient in quantity so that the channels I 0. will besuccessively supplied with such charges.

The simple formof air intakeshown in Fig- 3 can be used with thestructure shown in Fig. 2, if desired, the cone [3 and itscasing being omitted, and the air conducted directly into thechamber II. A better result is secured, however, by subjecting both-thegas'oline and theair. to. the helical or whirling expanding action.

Various other, applications andadaptations of the principle set forth herein can be made without departing from the spirit and ,essence. of the invention as set forth in the appended claims and without theloss or sacrifice of any of thelsubstantial benefits or advantages accruing from the employment of the invention.

What I claim, an'd'desire to secure, is;-

1. In a carburetor, a conical leasing, .a conical rotor in said casing provided onits circumference with a helical channel of uniform sizaamixing chamber at the large end of. saidcasing, means for introducing a supply of hydro-carbon fuel into the small end of said casingand channel,ffor gradualexpansion and increase in volume insaid channel, and means for introducing. a .current, of air into said mixing, chamber.

'2. ma carburetor, a casing. containing-a .,pair of conical chamberswith their bases in juxtaposition and witha space between said bases having a discharge outlet, a rotorv in each of said .chambers conforming to the conical shape thereof, and each provided with oneor more spiral conduits .of uniform sizeon its circumference arranged to perform a'feed operation toward-and into said space, means. for introducing :a supply of .hydrocarbon fuelintothe smallend of .one of said chambers, means for introducing a current of air to the other one of said chambers.

3. In a carburetor, a casing containing a pair of conical chambers with their bases in juxtaposition and with a mixing chamber between said bases, intake chambers at the ends of said casing, a shaft rotatably mounted in the ends of said casing, cone-shaped members on said shaft in said conical chambers and provided with spiral channels of uniform size on their outer walls operating as feed conduits toward said mixing chamber whensaid shaft is properly rotated, and means for rotating said shaft.

4. In a carburetor, the combination of means to expand fuel including a rotor having a helical channel through which the fuel passes and which is of increasing volume along the length of the axis of said rotor, means to revolve said rotor, means to admit fuel into the smaller-volume portion of said channel, means to admit air into the carburetor and to mix the air with the expanded fuel, and means to deliver the. fuel mixture from ..the. carburetor.

L5. The structure contained in claim 4 in which the rotor has a plurality of said channels in parallel relation.

-'6..- In.a carburetor, the combination of a casing, arotor fitting the interior thereof, and rotatable in, said.casing,.said rotor having a helical channel therein of increasing volumealong the length of the axisof the rotor, means to revolve said rotor, meansto admit. fuel into the smaller-volume end of said channel, means to admit air into the carburetortomixwith the fuel expanded in said rotor channel, and means. to discharge the mixmm from. the. carburetor.

T7. ,The structure presented in claim 6 in which the rotorv has a plurality of said channels in parallel relation.

.8. Thestructurepresented in claim 6 in which the rotor and the interior of the casing in which the rotor fits and rotates are both conical.

Q9. The structure .presented in claim 6 in which the rotor. and the'. interior of the casing in which the rotor fits and rotates areconical and in which the rotor hasa pluralityofparallel helical channels of substantially-uniform cross-section.

.10., In a carburetor, the. combination of a casing, a pair of rotors fitting the interior thereof, and. rotatable in saidcasing, each of said rotors having a helical channel therein of increasing volume alongthelengthrof the axis of. the rotor, the channels of said rotorsbeing arranged oppositelyto one another, meansto revolve said rotors, means to admit fuel into the smallervolume end of .thechannelof one of said rotors, means toadmit air into the smaller-volume end ofjthe channel of the other rotor, whereby the expandedfuel and air mix after leaving their channels, and-means to discharge the mixture fromthe carburetor.

11.1The structure presented in claim 10 in whichtherotors andinterior of the casing in which the rotors revolve are conical and in which each of the. rotors has a plurality of helical channels.

.TROY A. RIALL. 

